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Hegemony discursive theory Laclau-Mouffe
Hegemony discursive theory Laclau-Mouffe is a political and philosophical concept developed by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. It was originally presented in the book ''Hegemony and Socialist Strategy'' (1985), and then it was developed in a number of publications and the new edition of the book of 2001. The theory is on a joint of post-Marxism and post-structuralism. The concept is considered as serious criticism of post-structuralist positions of opportunities of metatheories use in social science.〔International encyclopedia of the social sciences. Vol. 6 / William A. Darity, Jr., editor in chief. — Detroit: Macmillan Reference, USA, 2008. — P. 396〕
== Sources of the concept and methodology==
In the conditions of a general crisis in alternative thought in 1970's, crash of orthodox Marxism and distribution of a concept of "identity policy"〔The Encyclopedia of Political Science / George T. Kurian, editor in chief. — Washington: CQ Press, 2011. — P. 251. ISBN 978-1-933116-44-0〕 authors committed to plan theoretical justification of left policy in the conditions of the right turn.〔Furse V. Social and critical philosophy after "the subject death". – Vilnius, 2012. - 434 p. ISBN 978-9955-773-54-2〕
A concept of cultural hegemony of Antonio Gramsci which is going back to works of the 1920s is a centre of the theory. An important source is the concept of ideology in Louis Althusser's interpretation.〔The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology / (Ed.) George Ritzer. — Oxford, etc: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4051-2433-1〕 In the Laclau-Mouffe theory an original concept of hegemony gets rid of class aspect and is synthesized with other directions. Authors address for the methodical principles to post-structuralism (first of all to a deconstruction of Derrida), and also to Lacan's concept of the subject. The policy of identity is a target for criticism. The concept of the political is built according to this. The formula of Derrida "everything is a discourse" is taken as a basis. The discourse in rendering Laclau-Mouffe is a way of formation and the organization of social life, actually is a set of any social practices. All practices are a priori discursive and displayed through values in language. This post-structuralist concept of a discourse goes back to the work of Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida.〔Furse V. Social and critical philosophy after "the subject death". – Vilnius, 2012. - 434 p. ISBN 978-9955-773-54-2〕 The impossibility of a direct explanation of the phenomenon, that is a direct access to a phenomenon (phenomenology), a referent (analytic philosophy) and a sign (structuralism) is the cornerstone of concept.
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